2008년 4월 12일 토요일
4/12
GPS separated its knowledge of problems from its strategy of how to solve problems : not real-world problems : Soar GPS as a “solution”: The General Problem Solver by Herbert Simon, Allen Newell, and Clifford TALESPIN as a “solution” FRUMP (Fast Reading, Understanding, and Memory Program) as a “solution" Alan Turing is founder of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, and a gay manAlan Turing (1912-1936)1912 (23 June): Birth, Paddington, London1926-31: Sherborne School1930: Death of friend Christopher Morcom 1931-34: Undergraduate at King's College, Cambridge University1932-35: Quantum mechanics, probability, logic1935: Elected fellow of King's College, Cambridge1936: The Turing machine, computability, universal machine1936-38: Princeton University. Ph.D. Logic, algebra, number theory1938-39: Return to Cambridge. Introduced to German Enigma cipher machine 1939-40: The Bombe, machine for Enigma decryption1939-42: Breaking of U-boat Enigma, saving battle of the Atlantic1943-45: Chief Anglo-American crypto consultant. Electronic work.1945: National Physical Laboratory, London1946: Computer and software design leading the world.(1947-1954)1947-48: Programming, neural nets, and artificial intelligence1948: Manchester University Marvin Minsk said“... artificial intelligence [AI] is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence [as] if done by [humans]”artificial intelligence: research areas are Knowledge Representation,Programming Languages,Natural Language (e.g., Story) Understanding ,Speech Understanding,Vision,Robotics ,Machine, Learning and Planning GPS is what is known in AI as a “planner.” (not global positioning system!!! it is a computer program for theorems proof, geometric problems and chess playing Newell, Alan, Shaw, J. C., and Simon, Herbert A. “GPS, A Program That Simulates Human Thought.” In Computers and Thought, ed. Edward A. Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman. pp. 279-293. New York, 1963 .To work, GPS required that a full and accurate model of the “state of the world” (i.e., insofar as one can even talk of a “world” of logic or cryptoarthimetic, two of the domains in which GPS solved problems) be encoded and then updated after any action was taken (e.g., after a step was added to the proof of a theorem).I never thought that A.I is the abbreviated from artificial intelligence. I am really surprised that artificial intelligence is related with social network as technology. so I know that technologies are related with everything.
2008년 4월 6일 일요일
4 / 6
I thought that there is no connection between social network and technology. However, as I get the class, I learn the relationship between social network and science, technology, popular culture and art. There are two key points of this week also. One is that new media technologies extend existing social networks or even work to isolate people from the society. The other is that when new media technologies promote new social networks, they challenge existing social, political and economic relationships at the same time.
New media technologies extend existing social networks. Social Network is realized when people know each other. Also, as people know each other more and more, social network is also getting bigger. Even if I know a famous actor, it cannot be social network unless he knows me. So even though I know Myung Bak, Lee, I cannot put his name on the social network because he does not know me. How do the new media technologies work to isolate people? I think that we are usually able to meet those kind people who are isolated. Perhaps all of us are also isolated. Anyway people who are isolated do not go outside and they just stay at home or a space and then they find news, information which they want to know by using the new media technologies.
When new media technologies facilitate new social networks, they simultaneously challenge existing social, political and economic relationships. And social network as science is a little bit different from social network as technology. Social network analysis is an interdisciplinary social science, but has been of especial concern to sociologists. Actually, there were no communications between every part of studies. As new media technologies are developed, the barriers between every part of studies are breaking down. For instant, our global school of media is made up art, liberal arts and sciences. If we were students of this university about 10 years ago, numerous people do not understand why we get the same class because they thought that every part of studies must be separated. However, new media technologies and the width of studying are also developed by breaking down barriers. And people’s thinking is also keeping changing. Besides, recently, physicists and mathematicians have made large contributions to understanding networks in general (as graphs) and thus contributed to an understanding of social networks too. There is a pattern. According to the pattern, we can observe the patterning of links among actors and then we are able to find the opposite facts. We also can solve problems and predict the next. Furthermore, social network gives opportunities. For example, when we find a part time job, we usually go search internet or ask a person who I knew already. There are two kinds of social capital. One is called bonding capital which can connect other network. The other is bridge capital which likes branches and has central person or something.
Social network as technology is more complicated than social network as science. If social network as science is just for people, the social network as technology is able to include every part. Also, social network as technology is linked according to people’s taste, favorite things. So I think that social network as technology is better than as science because we are able to meet various kinds of people and to communicate with people who have same interest as me.
Some of people use the social network as art. Some artists draw the social network by hands and it shows that the relationship between people and people. However, drawing the network by hands is really hard and I think it wastes their time.
New media technologies extend existing social networks. Social Network is realized when people know each other. Also, as people know each other more and more, social network is also getting bigger. Even if I know a famous actor, it cannot be social network unless he knows me. So even though I know Myung Bak, Lee, I cannot put his name on the social network because he does not know me. How do the new media technologies work to isolate people? I think that we are usually able to meet those kind people who are isolated. Perhaps all of us are also isolated. Anyway people who are isolated do not go outside and they just stay at home or a space and then they find news, information which they want to know by using the new media technologies.
When new media technologies facilitate new social networks, they simultaneously challenge existing social, political and economic relationships. And social network as science is a little bit different from social network as technology. Social network analysis is an interdisciplinary social science, but has been of especial concern to sociologists. Actually, there were no communications between every part of studies. As new media technologies are developed, the barriers between every part of studies are breaking down. For instant, our global school of media is made up art, liberal arts and sciences. If we were students of this university about 10 years ago, numerous people do not understand why we get the same class because they thought that every part of studies must be separated. However, new media technologies and the width of studying are also developed by breaking down barriers. And people’s thinking is also keeping changing. Besides, recently, physicists and mathematicians have made large contributions to understanding networks in general (as graphs) and thus contributed to an understanding of social networks too. There is a pattern. According to the pattern, we can observe the patterning of links among actors and then we are able to find the opposite facts. We also can solve problems and predict the next. Furthermore, social network gives opportunities. For example, when we find a part time job, we usually go search internet or ask a person who I knew already. There are two kinds of social capital. One is called bonding capital which can connect other network. The other is bridge capital which likes branches and has central person or something.
Social network as technology is more complicated than social network as science. If social network as science is just for people, the social network as technology is able to include every part. Also, social network as technology is linked according to people’s taste, favorite things. So I think that social network as technology is better than as science because we are able to meet various kinds of people and to communicate with people who have same interest as me.
Some of people use the social network as art. Some artists draw the social network by hands and it shows that the relationship between people and people. However, drawing the network by hands is really hard and I think it wastes their time.
2008년 3월 30일 일요일
What is www?
-World Wide Web
-World Wide Web was made by Tim berners-lee.
It is the stated genealogy of the technology.
It is that people makes media and media makes people.
People and media acts mutual.
World-Wide Web is a collaboratively authored hypertext.
To share ideas and all aspects of a common project in remote sites,
it was invented in March 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee .
The first Web site built was at CERN and was first put online on 6 August 1991.
It provided an explanation about what the World Wide Web was,
how one could own a browser and how to set up a Web server.
It was also the world's first Web directory, since Berners-Lee maintained
a list of other Web sites apart from his own.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprised various companies
that were willing to create standards and recommendations
to improve the quality of the Web.
Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due.
The World Wide Web Consortium decided that their standards must be
based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone.
-World Wide Web
-World Wide Web was made by Tim berners-lee.
It is the stated genealogy of the technology.
It is that people makes media and media makes people.
People and media acts mutual.
World-Wide Web is a collaboratively authored hypertext.
To share ideas and all aspects of a common project in remote sites,
it was invented in March 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee .
The first Web site built was at CERN and was first put online on 6 August 1991.
It provided an explanation about what the World Wide Web was,
how one could own a browser and how to set up a Web server.
It was also the world's first Web directory, since Berners-Lee maintained
a list of other Web sites apart from his own.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprised various companies
that were willing to create standards and recommendations
to improve the quality of the Web.
Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due.
The World Wide Web Consortium decided that their standards must be
based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone.
2008년 3월 23일 일요일
Eunjiwon
-What is digital media ?
I think that digital media is about graphic , web design what we can do with
some electronic machine.
- Who is Tristan tzara
-Who made a dadaist poem.
What is Dadaism?
-It is for many participants, the movement was a protest against the bourgeois
nationalist and colonialist interests which many Dadaists believed were the root
cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity.
1. hypertext ?
-A way of connecting pieces of text so that you can go quickly and directly
from one to another
and it means one way that digital media has been understood is as new
forms of writing, reading and thinking.
-text which is not constrained to be linear.
-text which contains links to other texts.
-Made by Ted Nelson around 1965
About "Douglas Engelbart "
2.Who is Douglas Engelbart ?
-Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse and he called
his invention the mouse because "the tail come out of the end"
-The mouse helps to move around on the computer screen easily
-As his invention, using computer easy.
I think that digital media is about graphic , web design what we can do with
some electronic machine.
- Who is Tristan tzara
-Who made a dadaist poem.
What is Dadaism?
-It is for many participants, the movement was a protest against the bourgeois
nationalist and colonialist interests which many Dadaists believed were the root
cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity.
1. hypertext ?
-A way of connecting pieces of text so that you can go quickly and directly
from one to another
and it means one way that digital media has been understood is as new
forms of writing, reading and thinking.
-text which is not constrained to be linear.
-text which contains links to other texts.
-Made by Ted Nelson around 1965
About "Douglas Engelbart "
2.Who is Douglas Engelbart ?
-Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse and he called
his invention the mouse because "the tail come out of the end"
-The mouse helps to move around on the computer screen easily
-As his invention, using computer easy.
2008년 3월 15일 토요일
eun ji won
this week’s main reading is Vannevar Bush, “As We May Think,”
who was vannevar bush?
he is mit professor and he invented "differential analyzer"
science advisor to President F.D. Roosevelt and he was leader of the Manhattan Project ,founder of NSF Bush's invented is the memex what is saving info. Bush's imagine was The differential analyzer
what is differential analyzer?
In the differential, there are a big disk and a small disk. The differential is analyzed by the distance between center and small disk by the rotating big one. The Memex saving infomation , as searching program in today.
saving info and when we need to find some info we can search easily.
i think that memex is great invention
What is bush's stated motivation?
maybe he wanted to save much info . it's bush's stated motivation
The memex is the name given by Vannevar Bush to the theoretical proto-hypertext computer system he proposed in his 1945 The Atlantic Monthly article As We May Think.
The memex has influenced the development of subsequential hypertext and intellect augmenting computer systems
Bush described the device as electronically linked to a library and able to display books and films from the library and automatically follow cross-references from one work to another.
The memex not only offered linked information to a user, but was also a tool for establishing the links.
The technology used would have been a combination of electromechanical controls and microfilm cameras and readers, all integrated into a large desk.
Most of the microfilm library would have been contained within the desk, but the user could add or remove microfilm reels at will.
The technology of the memex is often confused with that of hypertext.
Although Bush's idea inspired the creation of hypertext, it is not considered to be hypertext.
Indeed Bush describes the memex and other visions of As We May Think as projections of current capabilities.
The memex proposed by Bush would create trails of links connecting sequences of microfilm frames
rather than links in the modern sense where a hyperlink connects a single word, phrase or picture within a document and a local or remote destination.
What is creative thought?extraordinary,abnormal think that can make different sight. What is selection? selecting ability at much info.
who was vannevar bush?
he is mit professor and he invented "differential analyzer"
science advisor to President F.D. Roosevelt and he was leader of the Manhattan Project ,founder of NSF Bush's invented is the memex what is saving info. Bush's imagine was The differential analyzer
what is differential analyzer?
In the differential, there are a big disk and a small disk. The differential is analyzed by the distance between center and small disk by the rotating big one. The Memex saving infomation , as searching program in today.
saving info and when we need to find some info we can search easily.
i think that memex is great invention
What is bush's stated motivation?
maybe he wanted to save much info . it's bush's stated motivation
The memex is the name given by Vannevar Bush to the theoretical proto-hypertext computer system he proposed in his 1945 The Atlantic Monthly article As We May Think.
The memex has influenced the development of subsequential hypertext and intellect augmenting computer systems
Bush described the device as electronically linked to a library and able to display books and films from the library and automatically follow cross-references from one work to another.
The memex not only offered linked information to a user, but was also a tool for establishing the links.
The technology used would have been a combination of electromechanical controls and microfilm cameras and readers, all integrated into a large desk.
Most of the microfilm library would have been contained within the desk, but the user could add or remove microfilm reels at will.
The technology of the memex is often confused with that of hypertext.
Although Bush's idea inspired the creation of hypertext, it is not considered to be hypertext.
Indeed Bush describes the memex and other visions of As We May Think as projections of current capabilities.
The memex proposed by Bush would create trails of links connecting sequences of microfilm frames
rather than links in the modern sense where a hyperlink connects a single word, phrase or picture within a document and a local or remote destination.
What is creative thought?extraordinary,abnormal think that can make different sight. What is selection? selecting ability at much info.
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